The structural equation modeling (SEM) possesses certain advantages in the design of social work intervention programs and the explanation of intervention effect mechanisms. However, its application in domestic social work intervention research is still limited in China. We expounded on the concepts, key characteristics, application prerequisites, and benefits of utilizing SEM in social work intervention research. Then we took the “Let’s Be Friends (Shaanxi)” program as an example to illustrate how SEM can be applied in social work intervention research by addressing theoretical hypotheses, outcome measurement, influencing paths, and group differences. Finally, we proposed suggestions for applying normative SEM in social work intervention research from model configuration, research design, variable treatment, and sample selection.