Maritime container terminals are essential infrastructures in global supply chains. Their high management complexity and heterogeneous processes make them an interesting field to apply heuristics. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the main optimization problems found at maritime container terminals, including berth allocation, quay crane scheduling, yard planning, and internal vehicle scheduling. To solve these problems, a range of heuristic methods are presented and analyzed. The computational results show the effectiveness of these heuristics in practical scenarios, as they deliver high-quality solutions in short computational times.