The publication presents data on the comparison of the morphology of the cutting particles formed after turning: in the initial state. And also after turning the test sample, where the following hydrogen concentrations were recorded in the chips: 2.1 ppm; 4.6 ppm; 7.3 ppm. After analyzing the morphology of the particles, it was found that the gradual hydrogen charging of the sample with an increase in the amount of hydrogen in the chips led to the crushing of the chips, a decrease in large chips (1), a decrease in chip type (2) and an increase in chips that look like small fragments (3). The tendency to decrease the average particle area with increasing hydrogen concentration is clearly visible. In all variants, small particles (~0.0005 cm2) are most common. The correlation analysis between the number of particles and their average area allowed us to obtain a correlation coefficient of 0.98. The chips obtained from 2 areas of the rotor shaft were studied: from the central part, which did not undergo intensive degradation processes (area I), and from the area near the hydrogen seal (area II). The amount of hydrogen in the chips for site I was 2.43 ppm, for site II: 4.58 ppm. Microstructure parameters from the studied areas were as follows: for site I, the average grain size was D = 19.23 μm, and the variation was σ = 67.37 μm2; for site II, the average grain size was D = 16.38 μm, and the variation was σ = 51.22 μm2. Thus, it is stated that the formed fine microstructure can accumulate a larger amount of hydrogen. The paper concludes with a discussion of some ways to improve hydrogen resistance for steels of this class, and emphasizes the prospects for implementing research related to the use of computer vision systems in the Industry 4.0 paradigm.