Modified Chromium Arc-PVD Coating of Molds of Continuous Casting Machines
摘要
The mold tubes are coated with chromium with a thickness of 80–150 μm and a hardness of 650–1000 HV (6.4–9.8 GPa). A study was carried out to replace galvanic chromium with deposition using the Arc-PVD method. The deposition of pure chromium and nitrided chromium during the coating application process was studied. The structure of pure chrome coating is dense columnar with small inclusions of equiaxed crystals. The microhardness of pure chromium coating is lower than that of galvanic coating and amounts to 2.2 GPa. A pulsed deposition mode was used with formation of a mixed globular-granular structure. The microhardness of the coatings increased to 3.8 GPa. The best way to obtain high-strength chromium coatings is to modify them with nitrogen in the process of Arc-PVD in a mixture of nitrogen and argon gases with a nitrogen content of 60/80%. The coating structure is columnar-globular (N = 20/60%) and globular (N > 80%). With a nitrogen content up to 40%, the amount of nitrides in the coating is insignificant. Increasing the nitrogen content to 60% creates the formation of 3% Cr2N. A further increase in nitrogen concentration leads to an increase to 19% Cr2N and the appearance of 3% CrN. Microhardness of 16.6 GPa has been achieved, which is 2–3 times higher than that of galvanic chromium coatings. Equipment for Arc-PVD of coatings on industrial mold tubes has been presented.