Japan, prone to frequent natural hazards, faces the challenge of integrating companion animals into its disaster preparedness and response efforts. This chapter examines Japan’s evolving policies and guidelines concerning pets during disasters, focusing on governmental and local strategies. Through a mixed-method approach, including document analysis, participant observation, and informal interviews, this study highlights the regulatory framework and public communication in Tokyo and Ishikawa prefectures. Despite comprehensive guidelines, public compliance remains limited, with only a small fraction of pet owners taking adequate disaster preparedness measures. As well as addressing social and cultural factors that influence disaster responses, this chapter also discusses Japan’s aging population, urbanization, and the growing trend of pet ownership in Japan. The study emphasizes the need to enhance awareness campaigns and adapt policies to accommodate the changing landscape of pet ownership and offers valuable lessons for resiliency in global disasters.