Improved capabilities of working dogs provide emergency responders with new tools to confront increasing disaster incidence and novel problems. This chapter discusses canine applications in emergency response, including search and rescue, human remains detection, disease detection for humans and crops, and peripheral conservation applications. There is also discussion of everything that must happen before, during, and after detection, including safety standards, decontamination practices, and certification programs. This chapter surveys current best practices regarding olfactory capability, operational performance, and canine health, and future opportunities for canines in emergency and disaster response and prevention. As emergency management continues to professionalize, there are opportunities for further utilization of working dogs in multiple applications such as search and rescue/recovery, conservation detection, and biomedical detection. However, utilization of these animals must be done in a way which is safe for both dog and human counterparts.