A critical concern is riverbank erosion, which has significant economic and livelihood consequences for the impacted populations in Bangladesh. This chapter thoroughly explores the various patterns of risks and vulnerabilities in the livelihoods of IDPs in Bangladesh. The chapter sought to acquire knowledge from previous researchers who contributed to the identification of livelihood vulnerabilities, the exposure of sustainable livelihood adaption approaches, and the risk and vulnerability assessment. Furthermore, the author provided a detailed picture of vulnerability mapping using data obtained from field investigation, following the approaches established by earlier researchers and scholars and the guiding principles of the IPCC. However, this study is founded on the primary data collection in the most river bank erosion-prone areas of Sirajganj district in Bangladesh. This was collected through the carefully selected direct interview of 66 individuals from 54 families, including 20 households from urban slums in Dhaka (railway station slums that are impacted by river bank erosion), FGDs, KIIS and case stories and the detailed justification is provided in the chapter one.