This study explores how companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE) reported on ESG practices in 2023. The author researched all 363 listed firms and found that 12% published separate sustainability reports, 13% incorporated ESG data within their annual reports, and 75% of the companies did not disclose any ESG information. This indicates a critical gap in ESG disclosures in Romania’s emerging markets. Using NLP methods like keyword analysis, topic modeling, and sentiment analysis, the study identified key ESG themes and trends. Romanian firms generally follow a mixed reporting approach: some produce standalone reports, and others include ESG details in financial statements. Inconsistencies in these reports compared to frameworks like GRI and TCFD compromise data reliability. The analysis showed a strong focus on environmental factors, with less attention on social and governance aspects. The absence of quantitative ESG metrics reduces the usefulness of reporting for investors. A SWOT analysis indicated that awareness of ESG is growing in Romania, presenting opportunities for regulatory improvement and technological advancement, but challenges like greenwashing risks and regulatory uncertainty persist.