Soil serves as a critical habitat for diverse microbial communities i.e. bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa, viruses, and algae. Although soil microbes comprises of less than 0.5% of soil mass but they play a significant role in regulation of key soil processes and maintaining soil health. These microbes perform vital tasks like carbon sequestration, soil respiration, nutrient cycling (including nitrification, ammonification, and nitrogen fixation), and the breakdown of organic matter. Microbial necromass accounts for a significant portion of soil organic carbon (SOC), particularly in grassland and cropland ecosystems, and their interactions with plant roots and decomposing organic matter form complex networks that contribute significantly to the SOC pool. Fungal necromass frequently contributes more to SOC than bacterial necromass because of its slower rate of decomposition. The structure, diversity, and function of microbial communities are significantly impacted by climate change, which has an impact on their metabolic processes and carbon cycle feedbacks through increased CO2, changed precipitation, and rising temperatures. Warming speeds up the decomposition of organic matter and microbial respiration, which could turn soil from a sink for carbon to a source. The resilience of ecosystem functions may be diminished by long-term changes in temperature and moisture regimes that cause changes in microbial efficiency and community composition. Furthermore, long-term warming studies have shown that microbial biodiversity declines under climate stress, endangering important ecosystem services like primary productivity and nutrient availability. Predicting microbial responses to climate change and their wider ecological ramifications requires the use of mechanistic models e.g. DNDC that incorporate physiological characteristics, environmental heterogeneity, and microbial dormancy. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend and protect soil microbial processes for long-term terrestrial ecosystem functioning, climate change mitigation, and sustainable land management.