Pioneering Women in Electrical Engineering
摘要
Women in Europe and the USA in the 1700s and 1800s laid the foundation for later generations of women to pursue careers in all of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields including electrical engineering. They include science popularizers Jane Haldimand Marcet and Mary Fairfax Somerville; science writer and educator Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps; and computer software pioneer Ada Byron Lovelace. From the time Bertha Lamme graduated from The Ohio State University in 1893 through today, women have made their mark in the field of electrical engineering. Lamme worked on the turbo generators for the hydroelectric plant at Niagara Falls and the motors that operated the power plant of the Manhattan Elevated Railroad. Although Edith Clarke was the first woman to receive a master’s degree in electrical engineering from MIT, she had difficulty finding a job due to her gender—there were no job openings for women engineers! Later, General Electric did hire her and she made seminal contributions to the analysis of transmission lines for electric utilities. Many women in electrical engineering have followed in the footsteps of these early pioneers. A few of their accomplishments include opening up research opportunities for women in the Antarctic, helping to create the electrical installations at the Hoover Dam, developing very large-scale integration (VLSI) design methodology for chip making, and inventing what today is known as RealD 3D for 3D films. These pioneers have also been fierce advocates for women, helping women succeed in the STEM fields.