Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) are two other key components of the framework presented in this book. Natural Language Processing describes a set of methods that allow computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language. The proposed framework utilizes two subsets of such methods: sentiment analysis (determining the “positiveness” or “negativeness” of a document) and topic modeling (clustering documents based on what they are about). NLP techniques are used in various domains, including social media, customer feedback, and product reviews. Many NLP tasks currently rely on Machine Learning techniques, which, in short, give computers the ability to recognize patterns in large sets of data.