This chapter examines the political philosophy of the Daodejing, showing that it is a fundamental component grounded in its metaphysical framework. It explores how core Daoist concepts—such as Dao (Way), naturalness (ziran), and non-action (wuwei)—form the foundation of its political thought. The first section explores the problem of the oppressiveness of the government. It is divided into a general criticism and criticism of specific aspects of the government and society. The general criticism rests on the fact that the rulers govern with too much activity (youwei). It is exactly because the ruler does too many things that the people are difficult to rule. The specific aspects of criticism are the excessive taxation, harsh punishments, and frequent warfare. The second section elaborates on the theory of governing through wuwei. The best ruler is the sage, that is, the one who understands the natural working of Dao. The sage is a kind of embodiment of Dao in society and politics, and since Dao does nothing and leaves nothing undone, so does the sage. This section also examines two key political precepts from the Daodejing: first, that the sage has no fixed ideas or thoughts, but adopts the ideas and thoughts of the people as his own (Chapter 49); and second, that governing a big state is like cooking a small fish (Chapter 60). The section concludes with the Daodejing’s criticism of Confucianism and the vision of a state in accordance with Dao. The final section briefly discusses some common interpretations in the contemporary scholarship, such as those related to anarchism and utopianism.