Fugitive emissionsFugitive emission from smeltingSmelting operationsOperation represent a significant environmental challenge, with their impact on air quality and worker health being a primary concern. In response to increasingly stringent environmental regulations, smeltersSmelter worldwide are under growing pressure to minimize these emissionsEmissions. Central to this effort are ventilation systemsVentilation system, which play a crucial role in capturing and treating fugitive fumes. However, designing an effective ventilation systemVentilation system for a smelterSmelter using conventional methods can be challenging due to the complexity and variabilityVariability of the processes involved. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFDComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)) offers a powerful, state-of-the-art tool that can enhance the designDesign and placement of smelterSmelter ventilation systemsVentilation system, identifying potential inefficiencies in hood extractionExtraction and regions in the building of potential higher fugitive gases concentrations and accumulations. In this study, we apply CFDComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to analyze the ventilation systemVentilation system of a typical concept copper smelterCopper smelter building, specifically focusing on the workplace areas around furnacesFurnace, converters, anode furnacesAnode furnace, and a casting wheel. The study modelsModel and quantifies the dispersion of fugitive gases and dust within the smelterSmelter building. We evaluate the efficiencyEfficiency of a base case ventilation systemVentilation system in capturing fugitive emissionsFugitive emission under different operational scenarios, providing a comprehensive understanding of its performancePerformance for improvements in ventilation designsDesign. The study examines the temperature and velocity distributionDistribution throughout the building and identifies high emissionsEmissions concentration hotspots. By leveraging CFD simulationsCFD simulation, we offer actionable insights that can inform the engineeringEngineering designDesign of more effective, more targeted ventilation systemsVentilation system in a smelterSmelter building and help reduce fugitive emissionsFugitive emission. This approach represents a best practiceBest practice framework for improving environmental and occupational health outcomes in smeltersSmelter.