Copper demandCopper demand is expected to increase by 1 million metric tonnes per year until 2035, in part due to the expected increase in copperCopper use resulting from the electrificationElectrification efforts as well as an increase development of data centers (Farrell and Whitton in BHP insights: how copper will shape our future, 2024, [4]). Despite the currentCurrent situation of smelterSmelter over-capacity, eventually new smeltersSmelter will be required to meet the increased demandDemand. New smeltersSmelter may also be built to support national and/or corporate strategies aimed at securing copperCopper suppliesSupply. Various technologiesTechnology and process flowsheetProcess flowsheet variations are commercially proven for smeltingSmelting and converting copper concentrateCopper concentrate into blister copperBlister copper, which are subsequently fire refined into anodeAnode copperCopper and then electrolytically refined into copperCopper cathodesCathode. This paper covers an overview of the criteria that should be considered in the selection of smelting technologiesSmelting technology and the overall smelterSmelter process configurationConfiguration. No single smelterSmelter technologyTechnology or process flowsheetProcess flowsheet may suit all situations. The selection of suitable copper smeltingCopper Smelting technologySmelting technology and flowsheet configurationFlowsheet configuration is critical to the success of a new smelterSmelter development project and, eventually, to the operationOperation of the smelterSmelter. A high-level overview of currently practiced copper smeltingCopper Smelting and converting technologiesTechnology is presented. Commentary is provided on recent developments and trends in the field (e.g., new smelting technologiesSmelting technology, modernizationModernization of the converting process). The differences and similarities in technical parameters (e.g., matteMatte gradeGrade, feed gradeGrade, slag chemistrySlag chemistry) for different copper smeltingCopper Smelting pathways are highlighted. Important high-level process designProcess design decisions are also discussed (e.g., slagSlag treatment, wet granulationGranulation vs. dry granulationGranulation, dust treatment options).