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The transitionDemand-side flexibility to renewable energy sources introduces variabilityVariability in energy availability, necessitating adaptive energy consumptionEnergy consumption strategies for energy-intensive industries like copper mineral processingCopper mineral processing. Copper demandCopper demand is predicted to rise substantially due to the expansion of electric vehicles, renewable energy infrastructure, and digital technologiesTechnology. The currentCurrent study quantifies the demandDemand-side flexibility potential of copper oreCopper ore mineral processingMineral Processing operationsOperation to align energy use with renewable supplySupply fluctuations. Using HSC SimHSC Sim software, a simulated plant modeled on real-world operationsOperation demonstrated that scaling (adjusting throughputThroughput) and pausing (temporarily halting units) reduced energy consumptionEnergy consumption by 25–50% in comminution stages (e.g., ball millsMill saved 17,666 kW at 29% downscaling). Life cycle assessmentLife cycle assessment via openLCAOpenLCA software revealed a global warming potential of 0.78 kg CO2 eq/kg for concentrateConcentrate production. Key challenges include stockpile management and operational continuity, but results highlight that integrating these flexibility strategies enables 40–100 h operational windows aligned with intermittent renewable energy availability. This work provides actionable insights for reducingReducing the carbonCarbon footprint of copper mineral processingCopper mineral processing while supporting renewable energy integrationRenewable energy integration in future energy systems.

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Quantification of Demand-Side Flexibility in Copper Ore Mineral Processing Operations: Enabling the Sustainable Energy Transition

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Mohsin Sajjad,
  • Arda Simsek,
  • Karl Gerald van den Boogaart,
  • Ashak Mahmud Parvez,
  • Jorge Torrubia

摘要

The transitionDemand-side flexibility to renewable energy sources introduces variabilityVariability in energy availability, necessitating adaptive energy consumptionEnergy consumption strategies for energy-intensive industries like copper mineral processingCopper mineral processing. Copper demandCopper demand is predicted to rise substantially due to the expansion of electric vehicles, renewable energy infrastructure, and digital technologiesTechnology. The currentCurrent study quantifies the demandDemand-side flexibility potential of copper oreCopper ore mineral processingMineral Processing operationsOperation to align energy use with renewable supplySupply fluctuations. Using HSC SimHSC Sim software, a simulated plant modeled on real-world operationsOperation demonstrated that scaling (adjusting throughputThroughput) and pausing (temporarily halting units) reduced energy consumptionEnergy consumption by 25–50% in comminution stages (e.g., ball millsMill saved 17,666 kW at 29% downscaling). Life cycle assessmentLife cycle assessment via openLCAOpenLCA software revealed a global warming potential of 0.78 kg CO2 eq/kg for concentrateConcentrate production. Key challenges include stockpile management and operational continuity, but results highlight that integrating these flexibility strategies enables 40–100 h operational windows aligned with intermittent renewable energy availability. This work provides actionable insights for reducingReducing the carbonCarbon footprint of copper mineral processingCopper mineral processing while supporting renewable energy integrationRenewable energy integration in future energy systems.