Fuels derived from food waste offer a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. Converting food waste into valuable energy resources not only reduces waste disposal challenges but also mitigates carbon emissions and decreases industrial reliance on finite energy resources, thereby advancing sustainable development and supporting circular economy principles. The generation of high-value bioproducts from corn condensed distiller soluble (CDS), a byproduct of corn ethanol industry and an agri-food waste, provides a new perspective on utilizing by-products to produce high value carbon products within the framework of a circular economy. Exploring the alternative technological routes for energy and nutrient recovery from CDS is essential to support decision-making based on economic and environmental criteria. This chapter aims to assess both traditional and advanced technological approaches to convert this low-value product (CDS) into high-value, carbon-rich product. The focus of this study is to explore the potential of hydrochar derived from CDS as a high-quality hydrochar, hybrid carbon system, adsorbent, or as a precursor to high-surface-area activated carbon for advanced applications.