The study evaluates the roles of gender on food security in the context of climate change: a study of rural farmers in Nigeria's Ekiti State. A three-stage sampling process was used to choose 120 respondents. Data from the respondents was gathered using a structured questionnaire, and descriptive statistics, the Food Security Index, and a logistic regression model were utilised for analysis. The findings showed that 45.76% of respondents were men and 44.26% were women, with the mean age of male respondents being 39.2 years and that of female respondents being 37.3 years. The majority of respondents (45.76%) have been married for an average of 12 years, regardless of gender. The estimated monthly mean per capita food expenditure was N23376.74, indicating that 62.30% of families headed by women and 77.97% of male respondents experienced food insecurity. The results also showed that among the rural agricultural households in the study area, some of the signs cited indicating climate changes were flooding, irregular rainfall patterns, extended droughts, severe temperatures, insect/pest infestation, storms, and extreme weather events. Education (p < 0.05), household size (p < 0.05), floods (p < 0.010), and pest infestation (p < 0.05) were the factors that affected food security among agricultural households in the area. Therefore, the study suggests that in order to lessen the severity of food insecurity, household heads should be encouraged to keep their households small and that gender-sensitive government policies against climate change be implemented.