This research provides an overview of photobioreactor (PBR) technology and its applications in algae cultivation, optimization and use for textile wastewater treatment. PBR design, operation, and optimization are covered, with an emphasis on important variables that affect the development of algae and the effectiveness of wastewater treatment. Microalgae was isolated from local sources. Using microscopy, two types of algae were identified. The best growth medium for these microalgae was subsequently identified by culturing them in three distinct nutritional media (BBM, Fog's, and M4N) with differing contents. The growth in photobioreactor involved many parameters, including temperature, pH, and culture length. Chlorella and Spirogyra were identified as algal strains. The highest concentrations of carbohydrates (173.2 mg/ml), protein (133 mg/ml), and sugar (59.6 mg/ml) were observed at 40 °C in Fog’s medium for sample A, and at 25 °C in BBM for sample B (carbohydrates: 208 mg/ml, protein: 162.2 mg/ml, sugar: 62.3 mg/ml). Spirogyra exhibited its highest growth and concentration at pH 5 in Fog’s medium (carbohydrates: 185.7 mg/ml, protein: 188.5 mg/ml, sugar: 94.97 mg/ml), and at pH 8 in BBM (carbohydrates: 208 mg/ml, protein: 192.9 mg/ml, sugar: 100 mg/ml). By using extracellular enzymes and photosynthetic assimilation of organic compounds, algae can effectively lower the COD levels (41%) from 2875 mg/L upto 1189 mg/L and BOD levels (20%) from 7521 mg/L upto 1510 mg/L in wastewater. Overall, monitoring both COD and BOD in algae-based wastewater treatment allows for a comprehensive assessment of the organic pollutant removal efficiency and the overall treatment performance.