Snakes, often misunderstood and feared, play a crucial ecological role as pest controllers and as key links in food chains. Despite their importance, our knowledge about the diversity and distribution of many species, especially in the Andes, remains limited. In this chapter, we assess the knowledge shortfalls about Andean snakes (Wallacean, Linnean, and Darwinian shortfalls), identifying the main information gaps and their implications for conservation. Our results revealed a high diversity of endemic snakes in the Andes, with 259 species recorded and 140 of them considered endemic. However, despite this richness, there is a notable lack of information about the conservation status of many of these species. The presence of a high number of polytomies in the phylogenetic tree indicates the scarcity of available genetic data. This scarcity makes it difficult to reconstruct the evolutionary history of these species and understand their diversification processes. On the other hand, we found that about 37% of the species have not yet been evaluated according to the IUCN criteria, and for the majority of the remaining, long-term population trends are unknown. Finally, we noted a relationship between conservation status and altitudinal distribution, with the most threatened species concentrated at higher elevations. These findings underline the urgency of intensifying research and conservation efforts for Andean snakes. It is essential to promote collaboration between scientists, environmental managers, and local communities to address knowledge shortfalls and develop effective conservation strategies.