The meteoric technological advances and rapid shifts in the modes of practice have made cataract surgery a major form of refractive surgery. Modern microsurgical techniques, creative intraocular (IOL) technologies, sophisticated methods for biometry, and advanced methods of intraocular lens power calculation allow most cataract patients to regain high-quality vision. With the introduction of multifocal intraocular (MIOLs) and extended depth of focus/field (EDOF) lenses, many patients request and expect total spectacle independence for all visual tasks. Overall, patient satisfaction scores after the implantation of these lenses are high. Satisfaction scores are closely linked to postoperative uncorrected distance, near and intermediate visual acuity. Various reasons can lead to residual refractive error after either clear lens exchange or cataract surgery (e.g., incorrect biometry methods, inaccurate estimation of effective lens position and axial length measurement, surgically induced astigmatism, tilting, or displacement of IOL). Strategies for correcting any residual refractive error include spectacle correction or contact lenses, corneal incisional procedures or enhancements with an excimer laser (LASIK, surface ablations, lenticular procedures), conductive keratoplasty, and lens-based repeat surgery (e.g., IOL exchange, or “add on” lenses).