This study analyzes the entrepreneurial ecosystem of artificial intelligence (AI) in Latin America, using a comparative approach between Mexico and Colombia, two pioneering countries in AI public policies. It uses a qualitative methodology based on the theory of sociotechnical systems, which combines documentary analysis and case study methods. The results reveal a region characterized by governance, infrastructure, talent, and investment disparities in R+D+I+i. Mexico stands out for its technological infrastructure and the deployment of AI, while Colombia advances in institutionality and strategic vision. The study emphasizes that innovation and entrepreneurship in AI require clear policies, government support, and stakeholder collaboration. To address structural gaps, it proposes strengthening local capacities. This research contributes to understanding AI’s challenges and opportunities in emerging innovation ecosystems. It suggests future avenues to critically analyze hidden practices and examine regional experiences in Latin America.