The central aim of this study is to improve our understanding of different patterns of international commitment, particularly in regards to environmental and labour policy, areas of particular relevance to global sustainability governance. To this end, this study is the first to compare and analyse the ratification behaviours of industrialised democracies towards international environmental agreements (IEAs) and International Labour Organization conventions (ILOCs) from an actor-centred perspective, with a focus on partisan and interest group politics. This concluding chapter summarises the findings and reflects on their broader implications. The results show that ratification behaviours towards IEAs and ILOCs differ markedly among industrialised democracies and that different theories of partisan and interest group politics can further our understanding of these patterns. This finding suggests that in the age of globalisation and austerity, nation states retain considerable agency to structure their international commitments. However, international forces such as peer pressure and international organisations remain important, highlighting the need for both domestic and international perspectives to understand and ultimately support treaty ratification processes. Given the complexity and interconnectedness of sustainable development, future research should focus more on comparing international commitments across policy areas to identify synergies and trade-offs in global governance efforts.