The final chapter focuses on the major challenges and transitions shaping the future of air transport. Environmental pressure is at the forefront, with increasing scrutiny over aviation’s carbon footprint and the growing demand for sustainable practices. The chapter discusses technological solutions such as sustainable aviation fuels (SAF), electric aircraft, and digitalization. It also explores changing passenger expectations, particularly regarding digital services and environmental responsibility. Furthermore, the chapter addresses geopolitical uncertainty, health crises, and labor shortages as systemic risks. The authors emphasize the need for resilience and strategic adaptability, arguing that the future of air transport will depend on its ability to reinvent itself while maintaining safety, accessibility, and economic viability.