The transhumanist project is typically framed as a quest for “overcoming human limits”, “transcending biological limitations”, and “unlocking human potential” – and thus perceived to be at odds with ethical conceptions of the “good life,” such as eudaimonism, that are substantively defined in terms of “human nature”. However, the notion of “human nature” is arguably not a biological given but deeply bound up with normatively salient metaphysical conceptions about what (trans)human futures are possible, desirable, and good. It invites ethical reflection on who we are, the value of embodiment and community to human existence, and who we might hope to become. In this opening essay, we provide a philosophical introduction to some of these key transhumanist leitmotifs straddling science, religion, and technology that hold together the chapters of our volume.