This chapter examines Russia’s so-called nuclear diplomacy, highlighted by the Russian dominance in foreign nuclear new build projects. Analyzing case studies from Bangladesh, Egypt, and Türkiye, the chapter highlights how Russia leverages its nuclear technology exports to strengthen geopolitical ties and enhance its influence in emerging economies. It discusses contract theory, design variables, and the organization of nuclear power projects, providing insights into the contractual structures that govern public–private partnerships in this sector. Through economic evaluations, the chapter assesses the financial implications of these projects, including cost, profitability, and sensitivity analyses. Ultimately, it argues that Russia's strategic investments in nuclear infrastructure not only serve its economic interests but also significantly shape the landscape of global energy politics. The findings underscore the complexities of international cooperation and competition in the domain of nuclear energy and highlight the implications for global energy policy.