Demand for nutrient-rich cereal grain millet is increasing due to its adaptability to a variety of diets and health benefits. As certain food components in millet are sensitive to conventional heat and chemical treatments, nonthermal processing methods can be considered as potential alternatives due to their minimal effect on quality. Pulsed electric field (PEF) and light-based methods (pulsed light, UV light, UV light-emitting diodes, etc.) are such viable substitutes that can overcome the abovementioned disadvantages. This chapter explores the efficacy of PEF and various light-based technologies in enhancing the nutritional composition, microbial safety, and quality of millet. It also provides an overview of millet as nutritious grain, traditional processing methods, and the rationale behind the use of nonthermal techniques such as PEF and light-based technologies. Additionally, the chapter covers the environmental sustainability aspects of these methods, highlighting their potential to reduce energy consumption and minimize environmental effect. Challenges associated with these techniques in millet processing along with the future direction and conclusions are also addressed.