The concluding chapter highlights the growing challenges facing global health governance in preparing for future pandemics. It critiques the weakening role of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the increasing influence of G7-led public–private consortia, which often prioritize commercial interests over equitable access to medicines and healthcare. Despite calls to strengthen WHO, actual funding and decision-making power remain limited. The failure of international solidarity during COVID-19, particularly in ensuring global access to vaccines and treatments, underlines the need for legally binding agreements and regional solutions. The text advocates for stronger regional health initiatives, such as Latin American and African medicines agencies, and reaffirms the importance of the WHO concept of “essential medicines”—now threatened by the shift to vague terms like “medical countermeasures”. It closes by calling for renewed focus on public goods, human rights and global equity in health responses, stressing that future pandemic preparedness must prioritize public interest over profit.