The financing of municipal services through user fees has been particularly controversial in Spain. This controversy has primarily arisen due to determining the appropriate legal form for the intended pricing. The issue has been addressed by the establishment of three distinct categories of user fees, each governed by a significantly different legal framework. Municipalities have the freedom to decide whether to charge for the provision of their services. The only service where the power to charge or not to charge a fee does not exist is the waste collection service. As of April 2025, all Spanish municipalities must require a fee to ensure that this service is not in deficit. The chapter also delves into other topics, such as the suitability of fees for financing urban development and whether user fees should be linked to an individual’s ability to pay.