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We address employment dynamics of youth (aged 15–34 years), using panel data surveys for Egypt (2012–2018). We first identify employment segmentation and income gaps with respect to gender and job status, including formal/informal wage employment and formal/informal self-employment. Second, we analyse occupational mobility using transition matrices in and from employment statuses, unemployment and inactivity. Third, we focus upon individual characteristics (gender and education) and industries with logistic regressions to investigate the probability of belonging to a given segment. Last, we tackle the job quality issue. In Egypt, we observe persistent informal jobs and low occupational mobility, whereas distinct gender patterns drive shifts towards formal employment, unemployment and inactivity.

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Rising Labour Market Segmentation in Egypt over 2012–2018: Youth Informal Employment Is Prominent

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Adrien Frontenaud,
  • Oksana Nezhyvenko,
  • Philippe Adair

摘要

We address employment dynamics of youth (aged 15–34 years), using panel data surveys for Egypt (2012–2018). We first identify employment segmentation and income gaps with respect to gender and job status, including formal/informal wage employment and formal/informal self-employment. Second, we analyse occupational mobility using transition matrices in and from employment statuses, unemployment and inactivity. Third, we focus upon individual characteristics (gender and education) and industries with logistic regressions to investigate the probability of belonging to a given segment. Last, we tackle the job quality issue. In Egypt, we observe persistent informal jobs and low occupational mobility, whereas distinct gender patterns drive shifts towards formal employment, unemployment and inactivity.