Language Use & Victim Blaming During Sexual Violence Victim/Survivor Interactions in the Criminal Justice System
摘要
Sexual violence is such a “taboo topic” that the mere thought of discussing it scares people into silence, hindering their ability to communicate appropriately and affect change (Etzel et al, 2022). However, the ability to identify with someone who has suffered rape and acknowledge that they could have also found themselves in those circumstances, correlates with lower propensity to victim-blame (Barnett et al, 1987). This chapter will examine how responses to victim/survivors can determine the likelihood of initial disclosure, and the likelihood of continuing with the report, seeking further support, and cooperating with prosecution. If a police officer does not believe a victim/survivor, and subscribes to rape myths, their beliefs/thoughts will affect their emotions, thus influencing their behaviour and/or actions, e.g. dismissing disclosures as motivated by embarrassment or regret (Shaw et al, 2017). Their attitudes will impact their responses, choice of language, and tone of voice; this may seem disbelieving or accusatory (MacLeod, 2019). Victim-blaming cultures pressure women to change their behaviour to avoid sexual violence, paradoxically, some are comforted by the myth that women’s behaviour can provoke rape; erroneously assuring themselves that their own conduct renders them safe (Ryan, 2011). These narratives offer false comfort by implying victim/survivors have agency but proliferate the belief that they are at fault when attacked and result in a lack of accountability for sexual abusers (Ryan, 2011). Operation Soteria was launched by the Home Office (2022) in 2021 by the police and Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) to develop new models to investigate and prosecution of rape. The chapter concludes, by considering, how our language is shaped and normalised within society, and how we can adapt with societal change. We consider how Operation Soteria, has been welcomed and applied across police forces, and how impactful it has been for victims/survivors navigating the CJS (NPCC, 2022).