This chapter focuses on the international context of the abuse of vulnerable people. This includes discussion, worrying trends in global attitudes to women and sexual violence, including rates of Violence Against Women and Girls, and examples of sexual abuse and exploitation of vulnerable people. Critical consideration is given to the neo-colonialist phenomena of offenders travelling from Higher Income Countries, to the Global Majority nations to abuse vulnerable people (Fontanella et al., 2024; Cunneen et al., 2023; Stephens, 2024) as well as the transportation of people to High Income countries for the purposes of sexual exploitation, modern-day slavery, or marriage, and how this can amplify vulnerability and constitute exploitation. International responses to violence against vulnerable people are critically considered, and examples of practice from other jurisdictions are introduced. Consideration is given to alternative, more victim-centric responses to victimisation, in contrast to state-centric criminal justice systems, including UK (Bendaña & Chopra, 2013; O’Hara & Robbins, 2009; Tuliakov, 2023; Absar, 2020). The chapter concludes that there is a need for greater focus upon empowering and understanding victims and the diversity of their responses and for an acknowledgement of the complexity of many victims’ structural circumstances (Kogut & Ritov, 2005). In order to provide a broad overview, these discussions constitute an introduction to the core facets of the exploitation of vulnerable victim/survivors as opposed to a comprehensive analysis of specific elements. Critical consideration of specific examples illustrates underpinning factors which relate to the phenomenon of the international victimisation of the vulnerable.