Cybersecurity is the proactive or active protection in ubiquitous networking of digital entities, resources and services in the digital transformation environmental ecosystem. This include identification, detection and defense of malicious cyber risks performed by cyber attackers, hackers, and spammers. Given that fact, cybersecurity is required to protect organizations crucial and critical digital data and assets against phishing schemes, ransomware attacks, identity theft, data breaches, and others. Cybersecurity can be obtained applying the basic principles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data/information, the CIA Triad (see Sect. 1.5 ), as standard in information security. That is why cybersecurity encompasses methods, technologies, processes, and practices to defend network and information systems against cyber risks. With it, cybersecurity is essential for any organization since digital data is the cornerstone operating the business. If digital data is exploited by cybercriminals, unprecedented cyber-risks occurs. Therefore, cybersecurity strategies must align with business goals to foster a culture of cybersecurity awareness, and to ensure deployment of advanced cybersecurity tools and best practices. However, cybersecurity extends beyond mere protection, so it also encompasses risk-management, mitigation and maturity levels. With it, the implementation of the NIS2 Directive will reshape EU Member States cybersecurity landscape, fostering a resilient digital ecosystem while introducing compliance challenges. Against this background, this chapter introduce in Sect. 3.1 into risk-management and assessment by reason of effective of risk-management measures. Section 3.2 focusses on cybersecurity frameworks such as the international cybersecurity standards NIST CSF 2.0, ISO/IEC 27K, MITRE ATTACK, NIS2 Directive, and others. Thereafter, Sect. 3.3 introduce into cybersecurity maturity, a process and behavior model, based on the Cybersecurity Maturity Model (CMM) and the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Improvement (CMMI). Section 3.4 contains comprehensive questions from risk-management and assessment, NIST CSF 2.0 and cybersecurity maturity models, followed by references for further reading.