Environmental health, an essential domain of public health, involves the study of how environmental factors, including physical, chemical, biological, and socio-economic determinants, impact the health of our communities. The current epoch, the AnthropoceneAnthropocene, is characterized by transformational human activity that quickly poses numerous threats to public health. This threat is particularly acute in the tropics. Industrialization, climate changeClimate change, biodiversityBiodiversity loss and pollution have critical health effects, propelling vector-borne diseasesVector-borne diseases, food insecurity, poverty, malnutritionMalnutrition, and exposure to dangerous pollutants. This chapter presents a systematic review of the literature between 2000 and 2024 to assess how anthropogenic changes to the environment impact human health in tropical regions, which are ecologically rich, climatically distinctive, and home to nearly half of the world’s population. Key outcomes include the rising rates of vector diseases, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, malnutritionMalnutrition, and mental health problems, all of which are worsened by environmental damage, urbanization and socio-economic disparities. A model framework categorizes determinants of environmental health into climatological, natural, and built environments with economic and social dimensions. The present findings reveal the utmost importance of developing effective public health programs and achieving sustainable development goals that address the specific needs of tropical regions.