The clinician interested in evaluation has the responsibility to learn not only specific knowledge from their training but also knowledge from other sciences. This is because the evaluation involves quantifying and qualifying (in some cases both) variables through devices and/or tools to assess or correlate a series of factors that come into play when making a diagnosis, especially when assessing a patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Neuropsychological assessment is a procedure specifically designed to comprehensively explore an individual’s cognitive functioning and make associations at various levels of functioning, considering the interaction between multiple variables that influence brain function and response. In recent years, the insights provided by new technologies and technological advances have changed many preconceived notions, particularly regarding various neurodevelopmental disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorder. The objective of this work is to elucidate the challenges in the neuropsychological assessment of ASD its contributions and especially the future challenges in its diagnosis through neuropsychological evaluation. We believe that the complexity of ASD contributes not only to a great variability in the profiles obtained but also to its own development and environmental variables that can mask the main characteristics of the patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or within neurodiversity. We conclude that neuropsychological assessment is a resource that allows us to demonstrate that within ASD, there is a vast variety of profiles that are still subject to diagnostic classification, the analysis of individual cognitive profiles, and their development. Therefore it is expected that in the near future the specificity of tests and the description of profiles through neuropsychological assessment will help us differentiate with greater precision and at earlier ages the diagnosis within the Autism Spectrum.