This study examines the impact of COVID-19 in relation to poverty eradication, focusing on the first UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). In doing so, it is essential to begin by contextualising the SDGs as a global plan of action to address challenges such as extreme poverty, gender equality or climate change. The importance of SDG 1 in the global development agenda is highlighted, especially in promoting equality and social justice. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities and threatens to reverse decades of progress in the fight against poverty, highlighting the need to address this issue urgently. It discusses how the intersection between the pandemic and poverty has generated multifaceted challenges that require a coordinated, evidence-based response. In addition, this research explores the use of systematic review methodologies to analyse the relationship between COVID-19 and SDG 1, describing in detail the review process, including the application of the PRISMA model and the use of VOSviewer software to analyse bibliometric and keyword co-occurrence data in relation to the documents explored. The results reveal a significant increase in scientific production on poverty and COVID-19, with an increased focus on mental health, food insecurity and gender inequalities. However, there are possible limitations in the geographical scope of the studies and the lack of focus on specific areas of poverty. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of addressing poverty in the context of the pandemic by proposing systematic review methodologies as valuable tools for understanding this complex reality and devising effective strategies to address it.