Citizens at the Centre: Turnout, Participatory Channels, and Democratic Tensions
摘要
This chapter explores citizens’ multiple roles in Swedish local democracy—as voters, party members, participants in civic engagement activities, service users, and consumers. While voter turnout in local elections is high and relatively equal across groups, participation in other democratic activities—such as citizen dialogues, proposals, and referendums—is often low and socially skewed, with higher-educated and more resourceful groups overrepresented. Citizens’ roles as users and consumers, particularly in welfare services like education and eldercare, can also influence local priorities through choice mechanisms. These various input forms reflect different democratic ideals but may send conflicting signals to decision-makers. Striking a balance between them is essential and is likely best determined at the local level, with attention to both legitimacy and local context.