Sweden has one of the most decentralised local government systems among Europe’s unitary states, with municipalities and regions enjoying strong legal, fiscal, and administrative autonomy. Municipalities play a central role in the provision of welfare services and are entrusted with broad responsibilities. Despite operating within a unitary state, local authorities have significant discretion in organising their activities, financing operations, and delivering services. This chapter provides an up-to-date account of the Swedish municipal system, focusing on its legal framework, organisational features, and role in the multilevel governance structure. It examines key local self-government principles, oversight and accountability mechanisms, and the relationship between municipalities and the central state. The chapter also explores patterns of service provision, variation in administrative structures, and the political organisation of municipalities. Special attention is given to the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) and its place in Sweden’s multilevel governance system.