This work is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the architecture of digital transformation of science as a key factor in the modern research process. The paper considers technological (artificial intelligence, big data, cloud computing), organizational (digital platforms, Agile methodologies) and regulatory (legal and ethical standards) aspects of digitalization of scientific activity. Particular attention is paid to the interdisciplinary nature of the transformation, uniting computer science with traditional research areas. The methodological basis is a system analysis of scientific publications and a comparative method. The study revealed key trends, including the growing importance of Open science, the spread of FAIR principles and the development of smart laboratories. At the same time, the problems of digital inequality, resistance to change in the academic environment and the lack of uniform data exchange standards are identified. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of applying its results to develop digitalization strategies for scientific organizations. The theoretical value lies in the systematization of modern ideas about the architecture of digital transformation of science. The work identifies promising areas for further research, including the development of universal digitalization models and the study of the impact of AI on scientific methodology.