Russian business is currently operating in unique conditions characterized by a high degree of uncertainty in the external economic environment, caused by changes in global value chains, economic and financial sanctions, and shifts in technological paradigms. The contribution investigates the key challenges faced by Russian companies, as well as the mechanisms for adapting to these challenges. The aim of the research is to identify the main factors influencing the sustainability of Russian enterprises and determine the most effective development strategies in the current conditions. The methodological framework of the study includes methods of economic-statistical analysis, comparative analysis, and a structural-functional approach. The work presents an analysis of statistical data reflecting macroeconomic trends in the market, the dynamics of innovative activities, and the digital transformation of Russian enterprises. Changes in business strategies related to digitalization, automation of business processes, restructuring of supply chains, and the creation and development of platform technologies are also considered. The study concludes that a comprehensive approach is necessary to support the development of Russian business, combining government support, the development of digital infrastructure, and the integration of Russian enterprises into new international cooperation networks.