This contribution considers economic, managerial and institutional aspects of the implementation of decision support systems based on artificial intelligence technologies (AI-DSS) in agriculture. The main advantages of using AI-DSS, such as increased efficiency, productivity and sustainability of agricultural production, are analyzed, and obstacles hindering the widespread use of these technologies in the agro-industrial complex are identified. Particular attention is paid to the specifics of the Russian context, including modern initiatives for the digitalization of agriculture, the role of universities, agro-industrial holdings and the state. The authors note the existing challenges that need to be overcome in the implementation of AI-DSS, including shortcomings in regulatory frameworks, difficulties in technological integration and a shortage of qualified personnel. The study compares the results with global trends and practical experience in implementing AI-DSS in the European Union, the USA and China. The conclusion contains recommendations on how to take the necessary measures for the successful implementation of AI-DSS in the agricultural sector of the economy.