Lumbosacral radiculopathy is a very common presentation in musculoskeletal medicine, and the majority of cases resolve spontaneously. A systematic method of examination of the common nerve roots involved in lumbosacral radiculopathy, namely, L4, L5, and S1, is outlined in this chapter. Segmental innervation and sensory, motor, and reflex function and testing are addressed. Differential diagnoses which require urgent attention, such as urinary retention, faecal incontinence, saddle anaesthesia which are all features of cauda equina syndrome (CES) are also discussed.