Given the rising global awareness of environmental protection and the urgent need for the energy structure to transition to green, the renewable energy automotive sector has experienced rapid development. To promote the implementation of more environmentally friendly and efficient production and operation strategies at all nodes of the new energy vehicle supply chain (NEVS) and accelerate the green upgrade of the entire industry, the assessment of sustainable growth capacity is particularly important. In view of this, this study presents an optimized Q-ordinal fuzzy multi-attribute group decision-making approach to scientifically and systematically assess the environmentally friendly development capability of the NEVS from five dimensions: green plan, green cost, green procurement, green production and green logistics, so as to offer robust backing for the industry’s sustainable growth. This study creates a sound evaluation framework for the green development ability of the NEVS. Through a comprehensive analysis of the assessment results, competitiveness is measured and enhanced, and NEV enterprises are promoted to stand out in fierce market competition.