With the rapid development of Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing and other digital technologies, the digital economy provides technical support and growth point for the supply chain of fresh agricultural products. This paper analyzes the application status of digital technology in supply chain management, and puts forward targeted optimization strategies based on successful cases at home and abroad. It is pointed out that digital management, dual-channel supply chain collaboration, cold chain logistics system optimization, demand forecasting and inventory management are the key areas to improve supply chain management level and operational efficiency. By increasing investment in digital technology research and development, building a unified information sharing platform, improving standardized management level, improving cold chain logistics facilities and service system, and optimizing demand forecasting and inventory management by using big data and artificial intelligence technology, online and offline resources can be effectively integrated, and the supply chain can be intelligent, transparent and efficient. The research in this paper not only provides direct guidance for the optimization and upgrading of the supply chain of fresh agricultural products, but also provides useful reference for the supply chain management innovation of other industries in the digital economy era.