The high altitudes of the Himalaya have always been the center of curiosity and the explorations for being the rich repositories of medicinal plants. The unique climatic, geographical, geological, and hydrological conditions across the Himalayan range, apart from anthropogenic factors, determine the distribution and diversity of medicinal plant species. Historically, these high-altitude medicinal plants have been one of the major sources of evolution of ancient therapeutic systems, including Ayurveda, Tibetan, and other nonformal traditional systems of medicine. Some of the medicinal plant species have restricted distribution range; hence, they are used locally, whereas others are used across the communities due to wide range of their distribution. This chapter aims to examine the patterns in the distribution of medicinal plant species across the natural habitats in the high-altitude areas of the Himalaya, apart from the traditional uses of these plants by the communities.