The trans-Himalayan cold desert region is a great repository of natural botanical resources having diverse utility towards development of phytofoods, health promoting natural products and other medicinal and therapeutic formulations. These plants contain a plethora of various classes of bioactive compounds like flavonoids, glycosides, phenylpropanoids, etc., which have a very high value towards the human health. Among them, Rhodiola imbricata is a high-value medicinal plant of trans-Himalayan mountain passes. This plant is highly sought after in national and international herbal product markets due to its unique phytochemical composition and resultant medicinal properties. The present chapter aims at providing comprehensive and current information regarding geographical distribution, phyto-fingerprinting, pharmacological potential, followed by production technology and in vitro micropropagation studies. The present chapter critically analyses the findings of scientific studies conducted on R. imbricata to date.