Eastern Himalayan region of India is one of the significant ecological regions across the globe and recognized as the 12th biodiversity hotspot by IUCN. The area is exceptionally rich in medicinal plant biodiversity and contains 500 species in Arunachal Pradesh, 140 species in Darjeeling Hills, and 36 species in Sikkim. Interestingly, almost all medicinal plants from this region are used by indigenous people for healing purposes. Asteraceae family plants are predominantly used by local communities like Apatani (19 species, 11 genera), Adi (8 species, 8 genera), Monpa (8 species, 5 genera), and Lohit (6 species, 5 genera) tribes of Arunachal Pradesh. The Ageratum conyzoides, Artemisia nilagirica, A. maritima, Spilanthes acmella, S. paniculata, Blumea balsamifera, B. lacera, Vernonia cinerea, Eclipta prostrata, and Chrysanthemum indicum are a few of the most commonly used medicinal plants from this family. The extracts of these plants have shown antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihelminthic, analgesic, anticancer, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Various secondary metabolites including alkaloids, terpenoides, sesquiterpene lactones, N-alkylamides and phenolics have been reported as active ingredients from these plants. Extensive medicinal utilization and overexploitation of these plants lead to habitat depletion and pose an inevitable extinction threat. In vitro conservation strategies, such as tissue culture, micropropagation, synthetic seed technology and cryopreservation, are necessary to enhance the long-term stability of these plants. Considering the importance of Asteraceae plants, the current chapter highlighted the in vitro conservation strategies for sustainable utilization of these plants and their potential ethnomedicinal applications.