While societal change favoured increasing commitment to non-religious secular movements, transformative campaigns for the shoring up of religious faith were, nonetheless, highly visible. Stead’s late-nineteenth-century Christianisation projects were one such response to religious mistrust and the emergence of countervailing political movements inscribed within socialist ideology. The Nonconformist Salvation Army, the Anglican Church Army, the Social Gospel movement, and Christian Socialist activism formed significant bulwarks against religious disaffection and aversion to conventional expressions of religious belief.