This study presents an innovative integrated system designed for the simultaneous desalination of industrial brine and the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2), offering a sustainable solution to two critical environmental challenges. The system consists of three key components: a feed preparation unit, a multistage reactor system for chemical and electrocoagulation treatment, and a product collection section. This process treats concentrated brine to reduce salinity while CO2 is efficiently sequestered in solid carbonates. Optimization experiments were carried out to identify the ideal operating conditions, including brine concentration, gas and liquid flow rates, and pH levels. Results demonstrated that the system achieved a 39% reduction in brine salinity over 24 h while capturing 0.5 g of CO2 per gram of solid product. The precipitated solid by-products, primarily composed of carbonates of calcium and magnesium, were found to have high purity and potential for reuse in industrial applications. In addition to improving CO2 capture efficiency, the system’s integration with brine treatment presents an economically viable approach by transforming waste into valuable resources, minimizing environmental impact. These findings highlight the system’s potential as a scalable solution for industries dealing with high volumes of brine waste and CO2 emissions, contributing to circular economy efforts and sustainable industrial practices.