This study examines the complex interplay between artificial intelligence (AI) and self-determination against the backdrop of existing regulatory structures. It investigates how advancements in AI technology can transform traditional human rights norms, even as these innovations are shaped by human rights laws. This reciprocal relationship is particularly noticeable in fields like automation and the privatization of military functions, where mechanisms for accountability are facing increasing scrutiny. To address these issues, we utilize a qualitative approach that involves an extensive literature review, case analyses, and evaluation of legislative frameworks, with particular emphasis on the European Union’s recent risk-based regulatory initiatives for AI. Additionally, we assess the effects of AI on legislative reforms in Serbia, investigating how AI-driven tools can streamline the legislative process by analysing legal texts, identifying discrepancies, and proposing changes to ensure compliance with EU benchmarks. Our research indicates that AI has the capacity to markedly enhance judicial systems by reducing case delays, minimizing human mistakes, and boosting public trust in local courts. By assessing judicial decisions, AI can help guarantee adherence to international human rights standards, especially those outlined in the European Convention on Human Rights. Moreover, we contend that AI can promote inclusive governance in ethnically diverse countries, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, by forecasting election results and amplifying the perspectives of underrepresented populations. The study concludes that the incorporation of AI into legal systems not only advances Serbia’s goals for EU integration but also bolsters the tenets of self-determination and human rights. Through the application of AI technologies, legal frameworks can better adhere to international obligations, safeguarding individual rights while fostering societal unity. Ultimately, this paper highlights the critical importance of implementing strong accountability frameworks to ensure that AI enhances human dignity, equality, and self-determination rather than jeopardizes them.