The addition of the human serum albumin (HSA) to a colloidal solution of nanoparticles (NPs) leads to a decrease in optical density and blurring of the exciton structure in the absorption spectra. This behavior indicates the interaction between the semiconductor nanoparticles and the HSA, with the formation of the corresponding bionanocomplexes. The albumin molecule contains about one hundred pairs of positive and negative charges. Thus, as a result of electrostatic interaction between quantum dot (QD) and albumin molecules (their attraction), the mechanical pressure arises on the surface of QD, which as a result of self-consistent electron-deformation interaction leads to a change in its band structure. A model of QD interacting with HSA molecules has been developed. The proposed model takes into account the interaction of dipolar HSA molecules with QDs through its polarization and electron-deformation interaction in a self-consistent manner. Theoretical calculations performed within the framework of the self-consistent electron-deformation coupling method are in good agreement with the results of thermodynamic analysis of experimental data on the photoluminescence intensity decay of the CdTe QD–HSA biocomplex.